CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING BASED ON THE TERAIN

Survey may be classified based on the terrain as land survey,astronomical survey and marine or hydraulic survey. When we say Land Survey, It also involves measurement of various objects on and above the surface of the earth. This type of survey can be hereby classified as given below:
(i) Topographic Survey: It is meant for plotting natural features like rivers, lakes, forests and hills as well as man made features like roads, railways, towns, villages and canals.
(ii) Cadestal Survey: It is for marking the boundaries of municipalities, villages, talukas, districts, states etc. The survey made to mark properties of individuals also come under this category.
(iii) City Survey: The survey made in connection with the construction of streets, water supply and sewage lines fall under this category.
(iii) Hydrographic Survey. Survey conducted to find depth of water at various points in bodies of water like sea, river and lakes fall under this category. Finding depth of water at specified points is known as sounding.
(iv) Astronomical Survey. Observations made to heavenly bodies like sun, stars etc., to locate absolute positions of points on the earth and for the purpose of calculating local time is known as astronomical survey.
(v) Geological Survey: A geological survey is the systematic investigation of the subsurface of a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model. A geological survey employs techniques from the traditional walk-over survey, studying outcrops and landforms, to intrusive methods, such as hand angering and machine driven boreholes, to the use of geophysical techniques and remote sensing methods, such as aerial photography and satellite imagery.