BASIC PRINCIPLES ON SURVEYING

Every profession must be founded upon sound practice and in this engineering surveying is no different.
Practice in turn must be based upon proven principles. This section is concerned with examining the
principles of survey, describing their interrelationship and showing how they may be applied in practice.
Most of the principles below have an application at all stages of a survey and it is an unwise and
unprofessional surveyor who does not take them into consideration when planning, executing, computing
and presenting the results of the survey work. The principles described here have application across the
whole spectrum of survey activity, from field work to photogrammetry, mining surveying to metrology,
hydrography to cartography, and cadastral to construction surveying.Survey is act or science of making measurement of relative position of points on land, above and below the earth by making linear direction and representation